<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rMoTqSC9wrY" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
In this tutorial you will design and build your own keyboard. You will also learn all the essentials to design and build any electronics. Enjoy!
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://github.com/FEDEVEL/custom-keyboard">Github (HW + 3D + SW)</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Tutorial - Custom DIY Keyboard Design and Build | Part 2: Keyboard Schematic

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/N4cLFE0FF2U" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        In this tutorial you will design and build your own keyboard. You will also learn all the essentials to design and build any electronics. Enjoy!
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this tutorial about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">03:34</span><span class="chapters-text">Starting a new project</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:42</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding RP2040</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">14:43</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 100nF</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:12</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 2.2uF</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">23:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 200R</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">25:43</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 27R</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">27:40</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding USB-C connector</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">31:25</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding ESD protection</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">34:03</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 1uF</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">36:10</span><span class="chapters-text">Connecting USB CC pins</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">36:46</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 5.1k</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">38:21</span><span class="chapters-text">Voltage regulator 5V to 3V3</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">42:27</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 47uF</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">45:49</span><span class="chapters-text">Crystal ABM8-272-T3</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">47:22</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 1k</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">48:32</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 15pF</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">49:48</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 1M</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">52:52</span><span class="chapters-text">Flash W25Q128JVS</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">58:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Boot Select Button</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:01:09</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 100k</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:03:10</span><span class="chapters-text">Reset Button</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:04:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 10k</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:08:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 1x3 Header</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:11:50</span><span class="chapters-text">User LED</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:15:06</span><span class="chapters-text">Power LED</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:16:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Thank you for watching</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://oshwlab.com/robertferanec/custom-keyboard">Finished project (EasyEDA)</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://github.com/FEDEVEL/custom-keyboard">Github (HW + 3D + SW)</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:6784228">Thingiverse (3D)</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXvLToQzgzdftro2qK5In8p6ExsDFdpzw">Link to the complete playlist</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Tutorial - Custom DIY Keyboard Design and Build: Schematic + PCB + Case | Part 1 - RP2040

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Lqc1jmbSxnE" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Why is the thickness of PCB layers important? Explained.
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:36</span><span class="chapters-text">What is PCB stackup</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:08</span><span class="chapters-text">Is stackup important?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Layer thickness vs. crosstalk</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">03:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Layer thickness vs. track width</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:11</span><span class="chapters-text">Layer count and order</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">07:44</span><span class="chapters-text">Conclusion</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How to choose PCB?

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="blog-content">
        DDR3 mirroring is a feature of memory controller.<br><br>

        See the following text from <a href="http://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/docs/4_20_19R20.pdf">DDR3 SDRAM Unbuffered DIMM Design Specification</a> (JEDEC website – Registration is required, page 17).<br><br>

        <i>Following pins are being mirrored: A3<->A4, A5<->A6, A7<->A8, BA0<->BA1.<br><br>

        “Since the cross-wired pins have no secondary functions, there is no problem in normal operation. Any data written is read the same way. There are limitations however. When writing to the internal registers with a “load mode” operation, the specific address is required. This requires the controller to know if the rank is mirrored or not. This requires a few rules. Mirroring is done on 2 rank modules and can only be done on the second rank. There is not a requirement that the second rank be mirrored. There is a bit assignment in the SPD that indicates whether the module has been designed with the mirrored feature or not. See the DDR3 UDIMM SPD specification for these details. The controller must read the SPD and have the capability of de-mirroring the address when accessing the second rank.”</i>
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/8ea2f-ddr3_mirroring_pcb_layout.jpg" alt="DDR3_mirroring_PCB_layout" />
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-text">
        To confirm this, have a look on the following pictures from <a href="http://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/docs/design/DDR3/PC3_12800_UDIMM_V07_RC_B0_20070529.zip">PC3-12800 UDIMM</a> layout where I have selected A8 signal:
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/b9f76-ddr3_mirroring_top_and_bottom_layout.jpg" alt="DDR3_mirroring_top_and_bottom_layout" />
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-text">
        <i>Details of A8 Top and Bottom Layer:</i>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/b37e2-ddr3_mirroring_top_layout1.jpg" alt="DDR3_mirroring_top_layout" />
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/47294-ddr3_mirroring_bottom_layout.jpg" alt="DDR3_mirroring_bottom_layout" />
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-text">
        <i>Screenshot from schematic for D1 and D9:</i>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-img-wrapper">
        <img src="https://assets.fedevel.com/blog/2019/10/9bb0b-ddr3_mirroring_schematic.jpg" alt="DDR3_mirroring_schematic" />
    </div>


    <div class="blog-content-text">
        Components D1 and D9 are listed in the BOM with same part number.
    </div>

   
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/docs/4_20_19R20.pdf">DDR3 SDRAM Unbuffered DIMM Design Specification</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/docs/design/DDR3/PC3_12800_UDIMM_V07_RC_B0_20070529.zip">PC3-12800 UDIMM</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

DDR3 memory mirroring – PCB layout

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SxeW_-UcZqk" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        This video explains how to generate a STEP file (3D output) from Altium Designer. It also explains how to add mounting holes into the 3D model.
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.cadexchanger.com/">3D CAD software from this video (CAD Exchanger)</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>


Altium Designer – Generating 3D CAD File

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QlNgoS3SEME" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        This video explains how to do differential pair routing and how to setup rules for different impedances in Altium Designer PCB layout.
    </div>
</div>


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Tutorial - Custom DIY Keyboard Design and Build | Part 2: Keyboard Schematic

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How to choose PCB?

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