<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rMoTqSC9wrY" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
In this tutorial you will design and build your own keyboard. You will also learn all the essentials to design and build any electronics. Enjoy!
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://github.com/FEDEVEL/custom-keyboard">Github (HW + 3D + SW)</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Tutorial - Custom DIY Keyboard Design and Build | Part 2: Keyboard Schematic

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/N4cLFE0FF2U" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        In this tutorial you will design and build your own keyboard. You will also learn all the essentials to design and build any electronics. Enjoy!
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this tutorial about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">03:34</span><span class="chapters-text">Starting a new project</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:42</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding RP2040</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">14:43</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 100nF</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:12</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 2.2uF</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">23:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 200R</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">25:43</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 27R</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">27:40</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding USB-C connector</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">31:25</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding ESD protection</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">34:03</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 1uF</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">36:10</span><span class="chapters-text">Connecting USB CC pins</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">36:46</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 5.1k</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">38:21</span><span class="chapters-text">Voltage regulator 5V to 3V3</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">42:27</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 47uF</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">45:49</span><span class="chapters-text">Crystal ABM8-272-T3</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">47:22</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 1k</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">48:32</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 15pF</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">49:48</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 1M</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">52:52</span><span class="chapters-text">Flash W25Q128JVS</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">58:20</span><span class="chapters-text">Boot Select Button</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:01:09</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 100k</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:03:10</span><span class="chapters-text">Reset Button</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:04:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 10k</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:08:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding 1x3 Header</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:11:50</span><span class="chapters-text">User LED</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:15:06</span><span class="chapters-text">Power LED</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:16:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Thank you for watching</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://oshwlab.com/robertferanec/custom-keyboard">Finished project (EasyEDA)</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://github.com/FEDEVEL/custom-keyboard">Github (HW + 3D + SW)</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:6784228">Thingiverse (3D)</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXvLToQzgzdftro2qK5In8p6ExsDFdpzw">Link to the complete playlist</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Tutorial - Custom DIY Keyboard Design and Build: Schematic + PCB + Case | Part 1 - RP2040

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Lqc1jmbSxnE" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Why is the thickness of PCB layers important? Explained.
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:36</span><span class="chapters-text">What is PCB stackup</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:08</span><span class="chapters-text">Is stackup important?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Layer thickness vs. crosstalk</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">03:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Layer thickness vs. track width</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:11</span><span class="chapters-text">Layer count and order</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">07:44</span><span class="chapters-text">Conclusion</span></li>
    </div>
    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How to choose PCB?

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jpk-hfsFaqA" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        This video explains how to setup xSignals and do length matching in Fly-by & T-Branch DDR3 memory layout. It also shows how to setup xSignals with passive components (e.g. series termination resistors or AC coupling capacitors) + adds some comments on how xSignals calculates the length and what is useful about them.
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">00:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Lenght Matching Rules</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">24:01</span><span class="chapters-text">How To Create the X Signal Class</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">33:18</span><span class="chapters-text">Design Rules</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">34:33</span><span class="chapters-text">Interactive Length Tuning</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">35:11</span><span class="chapters-text">Interactive Line Tuning</span>
            </li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item">
                <span class="chapters-time">41:22</span><span class="chapters-text">Standard Length</span>
            </li>
        </ul>
    </div> 
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.imx6rex.com/open-rex/">Download OpenRex</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.imx6rex.com/">iMX6Rex Altium projects</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>   
</div>


Altium – How to use xSignals ( in Fly-By, T-Branch + Other useful things )

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="blog-content">
        I have received following questions on our <a href="http://www.fedevel.com/designhelp/">FEDEVEL forum</a>:<br>
        <i>What are typical track width you use for signal and for power ?<br>
        What are typical clearance you use for track ?<br>
        What are typical via size you use for normal via and for micro via ?</i><br><br>

        It’s not so simple to answer, so I decided to make a post about it. Here we go …. 
    </div>


    <div class="blog-content">
        <h2 class="blog-content-heading">You may want to use two kind of PCBs</h2>
        <b>Track / Clearance</b><br>
        – Normally I start routing the digital signals with: 0.1mm / 0.1mm (4mil / 4mil) track width / clearance. When the layout is completely finished I decrease the track width to achieve 50OHM impedance (your PCB stackup has to be designed the way, that 50OHM tracks have 0.1mm width or less). This means, by the end of design I select all 0.1mm tracks (all the signals which should be routed by 50 OHM impedance) and I will make the tracks thinner e.g. I change the track with to 0.075mm / 3mil. This way, also clearance will increase a little bit.<br><br>

        <b>Power Tracks</b><br>
        – Initially I set a rule for all power tracks to be at least 0.11mm (in our designs we set a rule for all the signals starting with “+” and for the “GND”). This is to be sure, there are no power tracks with 0.1mm (4mil) width (if there were, these tracks would be made thinner by the end of the design, see the previous point, and we do not really want to do that). To create high current connections, calculate the minimum track width (e.g. use <a href="https://www.saturnpcb.com/pcb_toolkit.htm">Saturn PCB toolkit</a>) to determine the minimum required track width for the maximum current flowing through the track. For standard power connections (e.g. decoupling capacitors) I usually use 0.2 or 0.3mm track width or I use the same track width as the pad is.<br><br>

        <b>Power Polygons</b><br>
        – Don’t forget, even for polygons you need to calculate the maximum allowed current in the thinnest place of the polygon. For clearance between polygons we often use a bigger gap e.g. 0.2mm (8mil)<br><br>

        <b>Power VIAs</b><br>
        In some designs we use bigger VIAs for powers, but most of the time we use multiple standard VIAs (see below)<br><br>

        <b>Standard VIAs</b><br>
        – VIA and Buried VIA size / drill: 0.45mm / 0.2mm (18mil / 8mil)<br>
        – uVIA size / drill: 0.27mm / 0.1mm (11mil / 4mil)<br><br>

        <b>Important!</b> The parameters above depends on your PCB stackup. For example, to be able to use 0.1 drill for uVIAs, you may need to keep dielectricum thickness up to 0.1mm. If you like, you may want to have a loook at some of our stackups here: <a href="https://fedevel.com/blog/download-pcb-stackups-free-for-your-projects/">Download PCB Stackups – Free for your Projects</a>
    </div>

    
    <div class="blog-content">
        <h2 class="blog-content-heading">PCB2 – The cost effective one</h2>
        <b>Track</b><br>
        – Track width and Clearance depends on PCB manufacturer. Usually, these cheap PCB manufacturers have limits for minimum track around 0.15mm (6mil), but you may want to route your board by 0.2mm (8mils). Once you decide on track width, you need to design your stackup the way, that your selected track width will be 50OHM (so you need to choose material with proper dielectricum Er and dielectricum thickness).<br><br>

        <b>Clearance</b><br>
        – You may want to keep your minimum clearance at least as wide is the minimum track width. If it’s not possible and you need to use smaller clearance, go down to 0.1mm (4mils), but only in the critical places. Don’t forget to double check with your PCB manufacturer if they will be able to manufacture it.<br><br>

        <b>Power Polygons</b><br>
        – The same as for PCB Type 1, don’t forget to calculate the maximum allowed current in the thinnest place of the polygon and you may want to use a bigger gap between polygons (e.g. set the minimum clearance between polygons to 0.2mm (8mils))<br><br>

        <b>Power VIAs</b><br>
        In some designs we use bigger VIAs for powers, but most of the time we use multiple standard VIAs (see below)<br><br>

        <b>Standard VIAs</b><br>
        – VIA size / drill: 0.45mm / 0.2mm (18mil / 8mil)<br><br>

        If you are still not sure, have a look at our open source projects. You can download complete Altium files of <a href="http://www.imx6rex.com/">iMX6 Rex module</a> (a design with uVIAs and Buried VIAs) or OpenRex (a design with through hole VIAs only). Then, just open the files and measure everything you need 🙂
    </div>


    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.fedevel.com/designhelp/">FEDEVEL forum</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.saturnpcb.com/pcb_toolkit.htm">Saturn PCB toolkit</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/blog/download-pcb-stackups-free-for-your-projects/">Download PCB Stackups – Free for your Projects</a></li>

            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.imx6rex.com/">iMX6 Rex module</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="http://www.imx6rex.com/open-rex/">OpenRex</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>

</div>

PCB Layout – Typical Track & VIA geometry

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/po0C5CqseVE" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        It takes just 15 hours to completely design your own customized <a href="https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-rev3">Arduino</a>.<br><br>

        This is Lesson 7 of <a href="https://fedevel.com/courses/learn-to-design-your-own-boards">Learn to Design Your Own Boards</a> Online Course. The course is step-by-step video which shows the complete Schematic Design & PCB Layout of <a href="https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-rev3">Arduino</a> like board.
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-rev3">Arduino</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses/learn-to-design-your-own-boards">Learn to Design Your Own Boards</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>   
</div>


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Doing Layout – Lesson 7 – Learn to Design Your Own Boards

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Tutorial - Custom DIY Keyboard Design and Build | Part 2: Keyboard Schematic

Tutorial - Custom DIY Keyboard Design and Build: Schematic + PCB + Case | Part 1 - RP2040

How to choose PCB?

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